The environment of the globe is a great blessing for every living being existing on the globe. Human life is fully dependent upon a balanced environment. It included all which is around, above and below us. At present, the civilisation is facing with the burning problem of pollution. In the name of development, the man is busy in his destructive activities. In this context, it is oft-quoted that the man is the most destructive enemy of himself. Various Programmes to conquer the nature and technological process initiated by the man are distrubing the ecological balance of the earth. So, the natural calamities in the forms of earth quakes, draughts, floods, cyclones, famines and epidemics are causing great suffering to the living beings. Pollution can be considered to be more dangerous than nuclear weapons, bombs and virulent germs.
Enormous damage had been caused in the recent past, Industrialisation, urbanisation and explosion in the pollution are the main factors which are responsible to increase the pollution. It is being said that the world pollution may be double within thirty years. The population of India has crossed 100 crores. Because of these reasons, the environment has been polluted beyond repair.
On each 5th June, every year, the World Environment Day is observed by the U.N. Conference on Human Resources. It is focussing the attention of the Governments of various countries of their responsibilities to check and control the pollution and reminding them for the havoc with the world ecology. The nuclear tests during recent years have played a dangerous role with the environment. Radiation from nuclear plants is also a havoc for the human health. The recently concluded Guld war and catching fire in the oil wells emitted huge distrubed the temperature pattern of several regions. The aforesaid nuclear tests have increased the possibilities of cancer and congential diseases. The destructions of jungles, loss of wild life, the accumulation of wastes, the neglect of land and the erosion of the soil etc. are also the reasons for this hazard. That apart , dirt, povery, diseases, malnutrition, etc. are also the glaring factors for degradation of the environment.
The major pollutions in the environment can be divided into the following categories.
- Water Pollution- This problem is rampant in the thickly-populated areasa. Due to the additions in the water channels, in the forms of wastes of hospitals, laboratories, reactors, nuclear explosions, domestic wastes, factories and sewage lines etc, water pollution has increased. EVen the holy water of ganga is considered to be unfit for human consumption. Water pollution give rise to the diseases eg dysentry, amoebiosis, dehydration, viral fever, jaundice, cholera, typhoid, hook warms and other intestinal infections.
2. Air Pollution- The air becomes unpurified by various factors. The major air pollutant is smoke, which arises from domestic wastes, factories, motor vehicles, power plants and refineries- emitting carbon dioxide, carbon monodioxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and dust particles. Increaase in cancer, respiratory and pulmonary diseases can be attributed to the air pollution. It is apprehended that the Taj Mahal will be adversely affected by the winds carrying gases from the nearby oil refineries. Any disturbance in the ozone layer would be dangerous even to the existence of our planet. Bhopal Gas Tragedy was the consequential effect of the release of poisonous methyl isocyante gas from the Union Carbide plant, which took away so many lives and left a large number of people in a permanently handicapped person.
3.Noise Pollution- It is another factor, which upsets the balance of nature and thereby endangers the human life. Environmental noise leads to hypertesnion, blood pressure, headaches, fatigue, mental instability, deafness , inefficiency, abnormal heartrhythms and similar other psychological diseases. Noises of motor vehicles, factories, loud-speakers, aeroplanes, engines , rails and automboiles etc rise to noise pollution, which has assumed the shape of an alarming problem in the urban areas.
4. Soil Pollution- Adulteration of food is also acquiring serious dimensions in the sphere of pollution. Several chemicals are sprinkled over the crops of food grains, vegetables and fruits etc for protesting them from insects and bacteria. For achieving better crops, organic fertilizers and pesticides are also used, which cause severe damages to the human body-systems though they increase the quantity and quality of edible commodities. Many plants of food grains, flowers, vegetables and fruits. etc emit oxygen , which is the life line of every living being.
